Everything about Activating Group totally explained
In
organic chemistry, a
functional group is called an
activating group if a
benzene molecule to which it's attached more readily participates in
electrophilic substitution reactions. Benzene itself will normally undergo substitutions by electrophiles, but additional substituents can alter the reaction rate or products by electronically or sterically affecting the interaction of the two
reactants.
Functional groups are typically divided into three levels of activating ability.
Deactivating groups are assigned to similar groupings.
Strongly Activating Groups
» -
NH2 -NHR -NR
2
» -
OH -O
-
Strongly activating substituents favor electrophilic substitution about the ortho and para positions.
This is illustrated by drawing the resonance structure's of aniline:
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Moderately Activating Groups
» -NHCOCH
3 -NHCOR
» -OCH
3 -OR
Weakly Activating Groups
» -CH
3 -C
2H
5 -R
» -C
6H
5Further Information
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